C-section or Caesarean delivery is a surgical procedure where an incision or cut is made in the abdomen and the uterus to get the baby out of a pregnant individual. It is a surgical way to deliver a baby.
A c-section can be preplanned or can an emergency c-section due to certain complication with the pregnant individual or the baby.
There may be multiple reasons when your doctor could recommend a c-section.
Sources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/c-section/about/pac-20393655
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/7246-cesarean-birth-c-section
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/cesarean-section
https://www.webmd.com/baby/what-happens-during-c-section#1